Management of Exporter-Overseas Channel Intermediary Relationships
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v5i1.674Keywords:
Agency theory, foreign channel intermediaries, structural equation modelling.Abstract
The relationship between an exporter and its overseas channel intermediary (an agent or direct importer) needs to be carefully managed by the exporter. Research from relationship marketing and agency theory suggest that the performance of an exporter/foreign channel intermediary relationship can be explained by a combination of relationship and control influences. Relational factors in the form of commitment and the development of trust are positive influences on the relationship, and commitment increases along with international experience. Agency theory suggests that the presence of opportunistic behaviour has a negative influence on performance. We test these assertions using data from a sample of Australian exporters using structural equation modelling. We find that goal congruence and experience both have direct effects on perceived relationship performance, and that commitment and trust have an indirect impact on perceived performance through their impacts on monitoring activity and goal congruence.
References
Aaby, Nils-Erik and Stanley F.Slater (1989). Management influences on export Performance: A review of empirical literature. International Marketing Review, 6(4), 7-26.
Achrol, Ravi S. and Michael J. Etzel (2003). The structure of reseller goals and performance in marketing channels. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(2), 146-63.
Anderson, Erin and Anne T. Coughlan (1987). International market entry and expansion via independent orintegrated channels of distribution. Journal of Marketing, 51(1), 71-82.
Anderson, Erin and Barton A. Weitz (1992). The use of pledges to build and sustain commitment in distribution channels. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(1),18-34.
Anderson, James C. and David W. Gerbing (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-23.
Anderson, James C. and James A. Narus (1990). A model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm working partnerships. Journal of Marketing, 54(1), 42-58.
Bello, Daniel C., C. Chelariu, and L. Zhang (2000). The antecedents and performance consequences of relationalism in export distribution channels. Journal of Business Research, 56, 1-16.
Bello, Daniel C. and David I. Gilliland (1997). The effect of output controls, process controls, and flexibility on export channel performance. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 22-38.
Bello, Daniel C., Constantine S. Katsikeas and Matthew J Robson (2010). Does accommodating a self-serving partner in an international marketing alliance pay off? Journal of Marketing, 74 (November), 77-93.
Bergen, Mark S., Shantanu Dutta, and Orville C. Walker Jr. (1992). Agency relationships in marketing: A review of the implications and applications of agency and related theories. Journal of Marketing, 56(3), 1-24.
Biong, Harald and Fred Selnes (1995). Relational selling behavior and skills in long-term industrial buyer-seller relationships. International Business Review, 4(4), 483-98.
Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
Brown, James R., Robert F. Lusch, and Laurie P. Smith (1991). Conflict and satisfaction in an industrial channel of distribution. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 21(6), 15-26.
Byrne, Barbara M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Cannon, Joseph P., Ravi S. Achrol, and Gregory T. Gundlach (2000). Contracts, norms, and plural form governance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), 180-94.
Cavusgil, S. Tamer (1984). Differences among exporting firms based on their degree of internationalization. Journal of Business Research, 12, 195-208.
Cavusgil, S. Tamer and John Nevin (1981). State-of-the art in international marketing. In Enis, Ben M. and Kenneth J. Roering, editors, Review of marketing, Chicago: American Marketing Association, 195-216.
Cavusgil, S. Tamer and S. Zou (1994). Marketing strategy-performance relationship: An investigation of the empirical link in the export market ventures. Journal of Marketing, 58(1), 1-21.
Chou, Chih-Ping, Peter M. Bentler, and A. Satorra (1991). Scaled test statistics and robust standard errors for non-normal data in covariance structure analysis: A Monte Carlo study. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 44, 347-57.
Cortina, Jose M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98-104.
De Mortanges, Charles Pahud and Joost Vossen (1999). Mechanisms to control the marketing activities of foreign distributors. International Business Review, 8(1), 75-98.
Dyer, Jeffrey H. and Wujin Chu (2000). The determinants of trust in supplier-automaker relationships in the U.S., Japan, and Korea. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(2), 259-85.
Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57-74.
Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. (1985). Control: Organizational and economic approaches. Management Science, 31(2), 134-49.
Ford, David (1980). The development of buyer-seller relationships in industrial markets. European Journal of Marketing, 51, 339-354.
Griffith, David A. and Boryana V. Dimitrova (2014). Business and cultural aspects of psychic distance and complementarity of capabilities in export relationships. Journal of International Marketing, 22(3), 50-67.
Gundlach, Gregory T., Ravi S. Achrol and John T. Mentzer (1995). The structure of commitment in exchange. Journal of Marketing, 59(1), 78-92.
Heide, Jan B. and George John (1992). Do norms matter in marketing relationships? Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 32-44.
Heide, Jan B., Kenneth H. Wathne and Aksel I. Rokkan (2007). Inter firm monitoring, social contracts, and relationship outcomes. Journal of Marketing Research, 44 (August), 425-433.
Jensen, Michael C. and William H. Meckling (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305-60.
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J. E. (1990). The mechanism of internationalisation. International marketing review, 7(4).
Johanson, Jan and Jan-Erik Vahlne (1977). The internationalization process of the firm - A model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(Spring/Summer), 23-32.
Karunaratna, Amal R. and Lester W. Johnson (1997). Initiating and maintaining export channel intermediary relationships. Journal of International Marketing, 5(2), 11 - 32.
Kim, Keysuk and Changho Oh (2002). On distributor commitment in marketing channels for industrial products: Contrast between the United States and Japan. Journal of International Marketing, 10(1), 72-97.
Kirplani, V.H. and N.B. Macintosh (1980). International marketing effectiveness of technology oriented small firms, Journal of International Business Studies, 10(Winter), 81-90.
Leonidou, Leonidas C., Saeed Samiee, Bilge Aykol and Michael A. Talias (2014). Antecedents and outcomes of exporter-importer relationship quality: Synthesis, meta-analysis, and directions for further research. Journal of International Marketing, 22(2), 21-46.
Lisboa, Ana, Dionysis Skarmeas and Carmen Lages (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation, exploitative and explorative capabilities, and performance outcomes in export markets: A resource-based approach. Industrial Marketing Management, 40, 1274-1284
Lisboa, Ana, Dionysis Skarmeas and Carmen Lages (2013). Export market exploitation and exploration and performance: Linear, moderated, complementary and non-linear effects. International Marketing Review, 30(3), 211-230.
McCall, J.B. (1999). Negotiating sales, export transactions and agency agreements. In Ghauri, Pervez and Jean-Claude Usunier, editors, International business and management. Oxford: Elsevier Science.
Mooi, Erik A. and Mrinal Ghosh (2010). Contract specificity and its performance implications. Journal of Marketing, 74(March), 105-120.
Morgan, Neil A., Constantine S. Katsikeas and Douglas W. Vorhies (2012). Export marketing strategy implementation, export marketing capabilities, and export venture performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(2), 271-289.
Morgan, Robert M. and Shelby D. Hunt (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(July), 20-38
Nguyen, Trang T.M. and Tho D. Nguyen (2010). Learning to build quality business relationships in export markets: Evidence from Vietnamese exporters. Asia-Pacific Business Review, 16(1/2), 203-220.
Noordewier, Thomas G., George John and John R. Nevin (1990). Performance outcomes of purchasing arrangements in industrial buyer-vendor relationships, Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 80-93.
Poppo, Laura and Todd Zenger (2002). Do formal contracts and relational governance function as substitutes or complements? Strategic Management Journal, 23: 707-725.
Robson, Matthew J., Constantine S. Katsikeas and Daniel C. Bello (2008). Drivers and performance outcomes of trust in international strategic alliances: The role of organizational complexity. Organization Science, 19(4), 647-665.
Rosson, Philip J. (1984). Success factors in manufacturer-overseas distributor relationships in international marketing. International marketing management. New York: Praeger.
Rosson, Philip J. and David Ford (1982). Manufacturer-overseas distributor relations and export performance. Journal of International Business Studies, (Fall), 57-72.
Shoham, Aviv (1998). Export performance: A conceptualization and empirical assessment. Journal of International Marketing, 6(3), 59-81.
Skarmeas, Dionysis, Constantine S. Katsikeas, and Bodo B. Schlegelmilch (2002). Drivers of commitment and its impact on performance in cross-cultural buyer-seller relationships: The importer's perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(4), 757-83.
Stern, Louis W. (1969). Distribution channels: Behavioral dimensions. Boston, M A: Houghton Mifflin.
Stern, Louis W. and A.I. El-Ansary (1988). Marketing channels. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Stern, Louis W. and J.L. Heskett (1969). Conflict management in inter organization relations: A conceptual framework. In Stern, Louis W., editor, Distribution channels: Behavioural dimensions. Boston, M A: Houghton Mifflin, 288-305.
Wilson, David T. (1995). An integrated model of buyer-seller relationships. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), 335-345.
Yip, George S., Javier Gomez Biscari, and Joseph A. Monti (2000). The role of the internationalization process in the performance of newly internationalizing firms. Journal of International Marketing, 8(3), 10-35.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).